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Siege of Port Royal (1710)
The Siege of Port Royal (5 – 13 October 1710),〔Dates in this article are given in the New Style; many older English accounts use Old Style dates for this action: 24 September to 2 October〕 also known as the Conquest of Acadia, was conducted by British regular and provincial forces under the command of Francis Nicholson against a French Acadian garrison and the Wabanaki Confederacy under the command of Daniel d'Auger de Subercase, at the Acadian capital, Port Royal. The successful British siege marked the beginning of permanent British control over the peninsular portion of Acadia, which they renamed Nova Scotia, and it was the first time the British took and held a French colonial possession.〔According to historian John Grenier, prior to 1710, English forces had only raided, sacked, and temporarily occupied French colonial possessions. Other territories the English conquered came at the expense of other nations or aboriginals. (Grenier, p. 12)〕 After the French surrender, the British occupied the fort in the capital with all the pomp and ceremony of having captured one of the great fortresses of Europe,〔Grenier, p. 15〕 and renamed it Annapolis Royal.
The siege was the third British attempt during Queen Anne's War to capture the Acadian capital, and it had profound consequences over the next 50 years. The conquest was a key element in the framing of the North American issues in French-British treaty negotiations of 1711–1713. It resulted in the creation of a new colony—Nova Scotia—and introduced significant questions concerning the fate of both the Acadians and the Mi'kmaq〔For "Mi'kmaq" versus "Micmac" or other potential transliterations, see the article Mi'kmaq people.〕 who continued to occupy Acadia.〔Reid et al, p. x〕
The Conquest of Acadia was a foundational moment in the history of the Canadian state — it was a precursor to the British conquests of Louisbourg and Quebec, and it portended the end of French power in North America more generally.〔McKay, Ian and Bates, Robin. ''In the Province of History: The Making of the Public Past in Twentieth-Century Nova Scotia.'' McGill-Queen's University Press. 2010. p. 78.〕
==Background==
Port Royal was the capital of the French colony of Acadia almost since the French first began settling the area in 1604. It consequently became a focal point for conflict between English and French colonists in the next century. It was destroyed in 1613 by English raiders led by Samuel Argall, but eventually rebuilt.〔MacVicar, pp. 13–29〕 In 1690 it was captured by forces from the Province of Massachusetts Bay, although it was restored to France by the Treaty of Ryswick.〔MacVicar, pp. 41–44〕
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